Global Citizenship Education

A Case Study of Teachers’ Practices and Challenges in an Underprivileged Primary School in Karachi

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17767708

Abstract

Abstract Views: 1328

Global Citizenship Education (GCE) prepares students for an interconnected world by promoting peace, respect, and sustainability, empowering them to contribute to a more inclusive society. This qualitative case study explores the challenges of integration of GCE in an underprivileged primary school of Karachi, Pakistan, focusing on the national curriculum, textbooks, teachers’ perceptions and pedagogy. Data were collected through curriculum and textbook analysis, teacher interviews, and classroom observations. Findings revealed that although the curriculum and textbooks cover core elements of GCE such as diversity, interconnectedness, and human rights, core elements of GCE, but they do not explicitly address GCE as a distinct concept. Furthermore, the lack of GCE awareness among teachers highlights deficiencies in their knowledge and training. Moreover, Socio-economic factors pose significant challenges to integrating GCE. The study underscores the need to integrate GCE into curricula, textbooks, and teacher training, emphasising the importance of national efforts to effectively implement GCE in schools to foster students’ cosmopolitan and global citizenship competencies.

Keywords:

Cosmopolitanism, Global citizenship education, Interconnectedness, Internationalization, Underprivileged primary school

Author Biographies

Musarat Tahir,

She is a Research Scholar at the Department of Education, Institute of Business Management (IoBM), Karachi, Pakistan. She completed her Masters of Education from Institute of Business Management (IoBM), Karachi, Pakistan.

Zehra Habib (PhD),

She is a Senior Fellow at the Department of Education, Institute of Business Management (IoBM), Karachi, Pakistan. She obtained her Doctorate in Education from George Mason University, Virginia, USA.

References

Ashraf, M. A., Tsegay, S. M., & Ning, J. (2021). Teaching global citizenship in a Muslim-majority country: Perspectives of teachers from the religious, national, and international education sectors in Pakistan. Religions, 12(5), 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12050348

Blackmore, C. (2016). Towards a pedagogical framework for global citizenship education. International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, 8(1).

Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., ... & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206

Doğanay, A. (2012). A curriculum framework for active democratic citizenship education. In Schools, curriculum and civic education for building democratic citizens (pp. 19-39). Rotterdam: SensePublishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-167-2_3

Duarte, J., & Robinson-Jones, C. (2024). Bridging theory and practice: conceptualisations of global citizenship education in Dutch secondary education. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 22(2), 315-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2022.2048800

Goren, H., & Yemini, M. (2017). Global citizenship education redefined–A systematic review of empirical studies on global citizenship education. International Journal of Educational Research, 82, 170-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2017.02.004

Günel, E., & Pehlivan, A. (2015). Examining the citizenship and democracy education textbook and curriculum in terms of global education. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 6(1), 123-171. https://doi.org/10.17499/jsser.88468

Jalbani, L. N., & Khan, N. (2022). Analyzing Social Studies National Curriculum and Textbooks for the Concept of Global Citizenship: A Content Analysis. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 9(1), 68-88.

Kadiwal, L., & Durrani, N. (2018). Youth negotiation of citizenship identities in Pakistan: Implications for global citizenship education in conflict-contexts. British Journal of Educational Studies, 66(4), 537-558. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2018.1533099

Khalid, T., Muhammad, Y., & Siddiqui, M. (2022). Cultivating global citizenship among secondary school students: Pre-service teachers’ beliefs. Global Social Sciences Review, 7(2), 326-337. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2022(VII-II).33

Kosar, H. (2024). Exploring the theoretical framework for Global Citizenship Education and its applicability in the context of Pakistan. International "Journal of Academic Research for Humanities", 4(2), 116-129.

Lall, M. (2012). Why education matters: School ‘choice’and differing views on citizenship in Pakistan. Citizenship Studies, 16(2), 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2012.667619

O'Dowd, R. (2020). A transnational model of virtual exchange for global citizenship education. Language Teaching, 53(4), 477-490. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444819000077

Oxley, L., & Morris, P. (2013). Global citizenship: A typology for distinguishing its multiple conceptions. British Journal of Educational Studies, 61(3), 301-325. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2013.798393

Phillips, L. G., de Rivera, L., & Harris, P. (2024). Platforms and possibilities: a scoping study of curriculum resources for global citizenship education. The Australian Educational Researcher, 51(4), 1503-1523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-023-00651-7

Rauf, A., Muhammad, Y., & Siddique, S. (2024). Constructing inclusive citizenship: Fundamental, cultural and religious rights narratives in history textbooks taught in elite schools in Pakistan. Voyage Journal of Educational Studies, 4(2), 111-128.

Rubab, I., Aziz, A. B., Usman, A., & Amjad, A. (2020). Global citizenship education: Values to be taught in the light of the rising identity crisis. Pakistan Vision, 21(1), 386.

Schugurensky, D., & Wolhuter, C. (2020). Global citizenship education in teacher education. Theoretical and Practical Issues. Abingdon–New York: Routledge.

Shar, N. H. (2024). Global Citizenship Education in Government Secondary Schools: A case study of government secondary schools in northern Sindh (Doctoral dissertation, UCL (University College London)).

Torres, C. A., & Bosio, E. (2020). Global citizenship education at the crossroads: Globalization, global commons, common good, and critical consciousness. Prospects, 48(3), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-019-09458-w

UNESCO. (2024). What You Need to Know about Global Citizenship Education. UNESCO.

VanderDussen Toukan, E. (2018). Educating citizens of ‘the global’: Mapping textual constructs of UNESCO’s global citizenship education 2012–2015. Education, Citizenship and Social Justice, 13(1), 51-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1746197917700909

Yin, R. K. (2003). Designing case studies. Qualitative Research Methods, 5(14), 359-386.

Published

2025-11-30

How to Cite

Tahir, M., & Habib, Z. (2025). Global Citizenship Education: A Case Study of Teachers’ Practices and Challenges in an Underprivileged Primary School in Karachi. Academy of Education and Social Sciences Review, 5(4), 500–512. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17767708

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.