Semi – Automation Design Using Flow Injection Analysis System with Smart Phone for the Determination of Total Phenols in Wastewater
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v2i1.381Abstract

Smart phone used as supporting hardware in different applications in chemical analysis are becoming increasingly important in everyday life. Rapid, easy, and straightforward analytical system flow injection analysis system for the determination of the total phenols was conducted using 4-aminoantipyrine reagent. The detection method was based on the reaction total phenols with reagent in the basic media and subsequent formation of a yellow color product. The samples or standard solutions were injection into a carrier stream to react with 4-aminoantipyrine reagent and ammonium chloride with ammonium hydroxide to give yellow color product, which was detected by spectrophotometer at 510 nm. The experimental condition such as flow rate of reagent and carrier, reagent volume, length of reaction coil and concentration of reagent were optimized. A good linear calibration curve in the range of 250-2000 mg L-1 was obtained with regression equation (y=0.0108 x + 0.3453), (R= 0.9989). The limit of detection was in the amount of 0.0112 mg L-1. The method was successfully applied for the determination of the total phenols in wastewater.
Keywords:
4-aminoantipyrine, Flow injection analysis, Reagent, Total phenols, WastewaterMetrics
References
Dannis, M. (1951). Determination of phenols by the amino-antipyrine method. Sewage and Industrial wastes, 1516-1522. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25031773
Daponte, P., De Vito, L., Picariello, F., & Riccio, M. (2014). State of the art and future developments of the Augmented Reality for measurement applications. Measurement, 57, 53-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.07.009
de Castro, M. L., & Valcárcel, M. (1989). Flow injection analysis of pharmaceuticals. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 7(12), 1291-1300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(89)80135-9
Fadhil, G. (2017). Flow Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Baclofen in Pharmaceutical Formulation Using Prussian Blue Reaction. Al-Nahrain Journal of Science, 20(1), 17-24. https://mail.anjs.edu.iq/index.php/anjs/article/view/33/17
Fang, Z., Růžička, J., & Hansen, E. H. (1984). An efficient flow-injection system with on-line ion-exchange preconcentration for the determination of trace amounts of heavy metals by atomic absorption spectrometry. Analytica chimica acta, 164, 23-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)85614-7
Fatima. A. Kadhim, Mustafa A. Hussein. (2022). Construction of a homemade microfluidic sensor system for spectroscopic iron determination using a mobile phone as a detector, NeuroQuantology, 20(11), 3797-3806. https://www.neuroquantology.com/article.php?id=7939
Hussien, M. A., & Kadhim, H. H. (2022). Novel Semi-Automated Design for Determination of Iron in Water using Smartphone Camera Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Biosensor as a Detector Device. Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences, 1(4), 270-277. https://doi.org/10.48112/bcs.v1i4.284
Leamsomrong, K., Suttajit, M., & Chantiratikul, P. (2009). Flow injection analysis system for the determination of total phenolic compounds by using Folin-Ciocalteu assay. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2(2), 184-190. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20093157022
Pelegris, P., Banitsas, K., Orbach, T., & Marias, K. (2010, August). A novel method to detect heart beat rate using a mobile phone. In 2010 annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology (pp. 5488-5491). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5626580
Rocha, F. R., Reis, B. F., Zagatto, E. A., Lima, J. L., Lapa, R. A., & Santos, J. L. (2002). Multicommutation in flow analysis: concepts, applications and trends. Analytica Chimica Acta, 468(1), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00628-1
Ruiz-Capillas, C., & Jimenez-Colmenero, F. (2008). Determination of preservatives in meat products by flow injection analysis (FIA). Food Additives and Contaminants, 25(10), 1167-1178. https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030802036214
Salman, Z. J., & Hussein, M. A. (2021). Utilize smartphone as a novel detector for enzymatic urea hydrolysis in microfluidic system. Preprints 2021, https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202102.0497/v1
Thio, S. K., & Park, S. Y. (2022). A review of optoelectrowetting (OEW): from fundamentals to lab-on-a-smartphone (LOS) applications to environmental sensors. Lab on a Chip. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2LC00372D
Worsfold, P., Townshend, A., Poole, C. F., & Miró, M. (2019). Encyclopedia of analytical science. Elsevier.

Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.